Internal-combustion motor



Aug. 14, 1923. 11,465,165

G. HALL-BULLOCK INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR Filed Jan. 14. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 G. Had-5% 07L" Aug. 14, 1923. 1,465.1155

G. HALL-BULLOCK INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR Filed Jan. 14, 1.922 2Sheets-Sheet 2 I Figfi.

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G, HM ZcZZZOC/Z e desirable, deno 40 Patented Au 14, 1923.

"UNITED STATES httitdt i GEORGE, HALL-BULLOCK, or. Lennon, ENGLAND,sssrenon 'ro nnrnun MARKS COULSON, or LoNnorI,,-ENeLAun. I

rNTEnNAL-ooMBUsrIoN Moron.

Applicationfiled January 14, 1922. Serial No. 529,308.

To all whom it may concern: 1. I

1 Be it known that I, GEORGE HALL-BUL- LOCK, a subject of the King ofGreat Britain and Ireland, residing at. London, England, have inventedcertain new and useful Imrovements in Internal-Combustion Motors ofwhich thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates torinternal combust'ionmotors, and is especiallyapplicable to such motors as operate upon the two-stroke cycle I r I iThe inventionhas for its object to provide animproved construction of..motor which maybe manufactured at a low cost, and which may be, easilyand expeditiously assembled either in single or multiple cylinder unitsas required. a

The invention consists "in the; improved internal combustion motor to behereinafter described.

Referring now to the accompanying drawlngs, whichillustrate theinvention and form part of this specification.

. Figures 1 and 2 show sectionalelevations at right angles to oneanother of an aircooled single cylinder two-stroke motor constructedaccording to the invention, while I A J Figure 3 shows a sectionalplanwith the piston removed, the section .being take n through the'line8-3 onFigure 2.

Figure 4 shows a longitudinal sectional elevation of an air-cooledtwo-cylinder unit of the two-stroke type, constructed accord ing to theinvention, while Figure 5' shows a plan of the motor unit sl owninFigure 4:. v

In the drawings similar parts are, when ted by the same referencenumerals] f "In carrying the invention into effect, according to oneform, and as applied by way of example to an air-cooled two-stroke motorhaving a single cylinder, the cylinder 1, Fig ures 1, 2 and 3, crankcase, 2, and crank shaft bearingsupports 3, are formed, integrally withone another, as a single casting,

V or built up as a unit.

The. cylinder is provided with radiating fins'or flanges -t,"inthepresent' example, but a suitablewater-jacket and passages may beprovided instead ofthe fins when a water I cooledcylinder is desired.

Admission, exhaust and transfer ports 5,

6 and 7, respectively, in Figures 2 and 3, of the usual type, areformedin the cylinder 1, and are adapted to be'opened and closed in theirproper sequence by the piston 8.

The admission and exhaust ports are pro vided with short external pipes9 and 10 respectively, cast integrally with the cylinder 1, the overalllength of the pipes being the same asthe overall length of the unit; Theexhaust pipe is provided with radiating finslO i Within the exhaust pipe10, a tube 11, Fig ures 2' and 3, is disposed the "tube being threadedat one end ofthe pipe, and provided with a shoulder 13,- at the otherend thereof.

The tube is formed with a hole 14, opposite to the exhaust duct 6, andis clamped in position by the screwed cap 15; a similar tube 16 isprovided for the induction pipe 9.

In the bottom of the crank case 2, a threadedhole is formed for theintroduction of the piston and its associated parts and is adaptedfto beclosed-by a correspondingly threaded cover 17, so as to form apressuretight joint.

The crank case 2, as is usual in two-stroke motors, forms a compressionchamber for the charge.

Bushings 18, for the crank shaft are disposed in the supports 3, whichare arranged at right angles to theanis of the cylinder as shown. Eachof the end faces of the crank case 2 are provided with an annularextension 19, which co-acts with the flange 20 of the dished cover plate21. The plates/31 are provided with a support 22 for the crank shaftbushings or bearings 18, and form an annular lubricating chamber 23,round the crank shaft bushes or bearings at eachend of the crank case.

The crank case 2 is formed with double walls on its peripheral portions,the space as between the walls forming a chamber which acts as areservoir for lubricant and which may be connected to the annularlubricating chambers 23, by pipes or ducts for'leading the lubricantthereto. 5'

In the space 2 1 between the double walls ofthe crank case, four solidweb portions 25 are formed, the web portions being bored to accommodatethrough-going bolts 26, which clamp the cover plates 21 firmly to thecrank case 2:

The crank webs 28 with their balance weights 29, and crank pin 30,connecting rod 31, gudgeon pin 32, and piston 8, are of the usual typeand are assembled as a unit. The crank webs 28 may either be formedintegrally with the crank pin 30 as shown, or they may be built uptherewith by anycf the usual methods.

The crank webs 28 are formed with tap'ered holes for the reception ofthe correspondingly formed portions of the driving shaft members 33,which. are reduced at both ends. On their inner ends, nuts 34; areprovided for'rigidly securing the-crank webs and driving shaft memberstogether.

Instead of the above arrangement, the engaging'portions of the crank weband driving'shaft members. maybe formed parallel, keys, pegs or othersuitable means being provided for transmitting the driving forces. V

The right-hand driving shaft member 33, has a flywheel 35 securedthereon, as shown by means of a nut 36,,having a cylindrical extensionwhich serves as a support for the clutch. The drive to the transmissiongear is taken from the inner'periphery of the flywheel 35. The left-handdriving shaft member 33 has a pulley 37 carrying a sprocket wheel 38,secured thereon, by means of the nut 3% the pulley and sprocket wheelbeing adapted to drive a cooling fan and a magneto respectively, or itmay be any of the other auxiliary mechanism of the motor.

In order to assemble the motor; thev piston 8, connecting rod 31, crankpin30 and crank webs 28 in theasscmbledcondition are introduced into thecylinder-crank case unit through the hole inv the crank case, the cap17- having previously been removed therefrom. The driving shaft members33, are

then pushed through their bushes 18, from opposite ends of the crankcase, so that their tapered portions enter the holes in the crank webs28. The nuts 34 are then screwed on the reduced ends of the members 33to secure the parts of the crank shaft rigidly to one another, afterwhich the cap 17 may be re placed.

The cover plates 21 are then slipped over the ends of the crank shaftbushings or bearings 18, and on tightening up the nuts on thethrough-going bolts 26, the assembly of the motor unit is completed byattaching the flywheel, pulley and sprocket wheel.

The lubrication may be effected by means of loose rings 39 which dipinto the oil in the annular lubricatingvchambers 2-3,.at one portion oftheir circumference while at another portion they contact with thedriving shaft members-of the crank shaft through an aperture 4:0 in thebearings-or bushes 18. The oil is then led along the crank shaft in bothdirections by screw-like channels ll, the inward flow of lubricantbeingrdistributedcentrifuga'lly to the: moving parts inithe' crank case,while the outward flow is caught by casing i2 on the flywheel 35 andsprocket wheel 38, and returned to the chambers 23 by ducts 4:8. As analternative to the above system, pressure-feed or other system oflubrication may be adopted.

11 Figures '41. and 5 a twin cylinder motor is shown, constructed inaccordance with the invention. 7 1

In this arrangement the cylinder crank case units are formed as abovedescribed, eX- cept that only two endcover plates 21 are necessary, asthe intermediate annular extensions 19 on the unit, abut against oneanother to form an intermediate lubricating chamber 41-4. One of thecylinder-crankcase units hastwo crankshaft bushings or bearings 18,fixed therein, one of which serves as a bush or bearing for theintermediatedriving shaft member 45, and also acts as aregister inassembling the other unit thereto. The intermediate driving shaft member45,

of the crank shaft, is provided at each end withnuts 46 for assemblingit with the ad joining crank webs 28. The end driving shaft members 38may be formed as previously described, in the single cylinderarrangement.

In assembling the units the outer driving shaft members are attached tothe crank webs of their respective units; One end of the intermediatevdriving shaft member is then attached'tothe unit having bothlbushings orbearings secured thereto, and the other. unit assembled therewith, bysliding its bearing support over the intermediate busher bearingprojecting from the first unit. The other end of the.intermediateshaftmemher is then attached to the crank web of th'e second unit.

The two-oylinder-crankcase units and the two end cover 'platesfil areclampedtogcther by one set of through-going bolts 2-6. The shorteirhaustpipes 10 Figure 5, on the cylinder units so assembled arejointed up to one another and clamped firmly between the shoulder '13and cap 15 onthe'tube 11, an arrangement which, with asimilararrangcment for the induction pipes, imparts additional rigidityto the assembled units.

The open end of the exhaust tube ii in both the arrangements abovedescribed, may

be connected to thesilencer, similarly, the

open end of the "-inductiontube maybe at tacli d tothe carburetter.

In some cases tubular driving. 'shaft'memhere may be used and when suchare used in multi-cylinder motor units flanged screws are provided onthe .ends attached. to the crank webs so as to preserve the isolation ofthe crank case chambers. p V

Aseah cylinder unitis-balanced in itself assembly being similar to thetwin cylinder bolts, the induction and exhaust tubeswhich vary in lengthaccording to the number of cylinder crank-case unitswhlch are assembledtogether. The intermediate driving shaft members are interchangeablewith one another, and also withthe end jdriving' shaft members; 1 w

By means of theinvention it will be seen that single cylinder ormulticylinder units maybe manufactured at a verylow cost,

and in a very expeditious manner.

, Although the invention has been described as applied by way of exampleto a two-stroke motor, its use is not confined to such applica-z tion asit mayreadily be adapted to four stroke motors.

Further it may be applied to arrangements of motors in whichthexcylinders are disposed in V, Y,radial or other formation.

It is to be understood that the above examples ofthe invention aresimply to be regarded as typical only, and notas in any way restrictingtheinvention to the exam ples described, as modifications may'be made inthese examples, without departing beyond the scope of the invention.

' Iclaim: 1. An internal combustion engine, including a plurality ofcylinder units'having' interfitting end portions and adapted tobeassembled in an engine unit, caps adapted to cover the freeends of thecylinder units at the ends of theengine unit, and means extendingthrough all the cylinder units and the caps-for securing said capsandunits in engine formingrelation: V

. 2.1 m internal combustionengine, 1ncluding a plurality of cylinderunits having the cylinder, crank case, intake and exhaust manifoldsformedintegral, thecrank case,

intake andiexhaustmanifolds thereof being I formed for interfittingrelation with therespective parts of the adjacent cylinder units andtogetherform an engine unit, a cap for the crankcase at each end of theengine unit," means extending'through the crank. case portions of thecylinder units and the caps for holding saidunits in en.

gine forming position, and means extend ing through the 'intakeandexhaust man1-.

fold portions for additionallysecuring the units together. '1 Y T 3.Aninternalcombus'tion engine, includingla plurality of cylinder.unitsihaving the cylinder, crank case, intake and exhaust manifoldsformed integral, the crank case,

intake and exhaust manifolds thereof being formed for interfittingrelation with the respective parts of theadjacent cylinder units andtogether form an engine un1t, a cap! 7 for the crank case at each end ofthe engine having a passage communicating with the cylinder, said crankcase, intake and exhaust manifolds being formed for interfittingrelation with the respective parts of adjacent cylinder units andassembled to form an engine unit, means extending through the units tosecure them inengine forming relation, a sleeve extending through theexhaust manifolds, and another sleeve extending through the intakemanifolds of the cylinder units forming the engine unit, each sleevebeing formed with ports registering with the respective ports in themanifolds 'ofthe cylinder units, 'so that the interior of the sleevesform the exhaust and intake passages respectively of the engine unit,and means carried by the sleeves at the ends of the engine unit foradditionally securing the cylinder units together.

' 5. An internal combustion engine, includ ing a plurality of cylinderunits assembled to form an engine unit, each unit having the cylinderand crank case formed integral and the ends of the crank case formed toregister with the corresponding ends of the crank cases of adjoiningunits, the crank case of each unit being-formed with partition wallsspaced from the ends thereof and from each other to provide a'centralcompartment for 1 crank shaft bearings mounted in said partition walls,crank shafts rotatable in said bearings, and means whereby lubricantcontained in'said lubricating compartments is constantly fed to sa dcrank shafts.

6. An'lnternalcombustion engine, including a plurality; of cylinderunits having the crankcase of 'each unit formed ateach end to registerwith the corresponding ends of the crank. cases of adjacent units, thecrank case of each unit being also formed with I partition walls spacedfrom each other'and the ends of the unit to $013111 a central housitorthe movable parts oi the cylinder unit, and "the outer ends being openand adapted to form a lubricating, chamber with the" open. ends ofadjacent cylinder units, and means for assembling the units in enginetonning relatlon. v

7. Aninterna'l combustion engine, 1nclud ing a. plurality of cylinderunits having the crank case of each unit iorined at each end to registerwith the corresponding ends of the crank cases of adjacent units, thecrank case of each unit being also formed with partition walls spacedfrom each other and the ends of the unit to form a central housing forthe movable carts of the cylinder unit, and the. outer ends being. openand adapted to form a lubricating chainberv with the. open ends ofadjacent cylinder units,

the. crank case of each unitv being. further tormed at the sidesthereof. with doublewalls, the space between the. walls opening into thelubricating chambers thereof, :and

means for assembling. the units in engine forming relation.

:8. An internalv combustioncngine, includ ing; a plurality of cylinderuni-ts having the crank case of each unit termed at each end to registerwith the corresponding ends of e unit, and the outer ends being open andadapted'to fornralubricating chamber wit l the. open. ends of adjacentcylinder units, saidcylinder units being assembled to for-n1 an engineunit, caps for covering-the open ends of the crank case at. the ends oftheiengins unit, means extending through. the caps and cylinder unitsfor holding them in en ine forming relation, and means formed on thecylinder units for supporting said unitsand the engine-unit.

9. An internal combustion engine, including a plurality of cylinderunits, each unit having a crank case formed sothat the end portionsthereof are adapted :to register with: corresponding end portions on.adjacent units, partition. walls formednin. the crank case, said wallshaying'aligned openings, a crank shaft hearing mounted in. the openingin one wall of one unit and projecting beyond the end. of the crank caseof the. unit,

the projecting end oi? the'bearing fitting-i11 theopening in the walletthe adjacent cylinder unit, whereby theib'earing'torms.aineansOfEBIltBllng flCbj21061113. cylinder unitsin forming an engine unit, andmeans: itoi: securing the units in assembled engine forming post.- tion.7 a V 10; .Aninternal comhustion:enginegincluding a plurality ofeylinderi units. adapted to beassembled'miengine'formingrclatim, eachtion wall in thecrank case of one unit adapted to cooperate with anadjacent partition-in the 'ad olninguint for relatively positioning onecyllnder unit with respect to the other,

and means for securing the cylinder units in r enginetorniing relation.V

7 '11. An internal combustion engine, including a plurality of cylinderunits adapted for interfi-tting relation to form an engine unit, saidcylinder unitsbeing formed with intake and exhaust casings alsoadaptedto register with the respective parts :of adjacent units,and-means extending through the aligned casings of the eng'ne'unit andcooperating therewith. to form an. intake and exhaust manifold andv forsecuring the cylinder units together. i V Y 12. Aninternal 'coinbustiQengine, including a plurality of cylinder units adapted for interfittingrelation to form an .engineunit, each cylinder unit having an inlet andex haust casing formed therewith and registering with the correspondingparts of adjacent units, and a' sleeve for each of the aligned casings,each sleeve extending throughout all theunits in the respective casingand cooperating therewith to form an intake and exhaust manifold.

13. An internal combustion engine,.includ.- ing a plurality of cylinderunits haying interfitting end portions and adapted for assemblage toform an engine unit, and means extending through all the cylinder unitsfor securing said units inengine forming relation. y i

14. An internal combustion engine, includhig a plurality of' cylinderunits having interfitting end portions and inlet and exhaust casingsadapted tobe assembled in an engine unit, the inlet and exhaust casingsof all the units being in respective alignment, means extending throughall the cylinder units for securing the units together, and additionalmeans'extending through "the intake and exhaust casings for-securingsaidunits together andcooperating respectively with the intake and exhaustcasings to fGlHl'lllitIllfOldS.

An internal combustion engine having endwalls, bearings mounted in theend walls and projecting therefrom, flanges projecting outwardlytrointhe end walls,a crank shaft .niounted in the bearings and capsfitting over.

theiflanges. and provided with openings to receive theprojectingportions :of the" bean ings,.said.caps and end walls between the flangesloaning lubricant chambers sur rounding. said lo e'ariiigs'.

16 An internal combustion engine having end walls; bearings mounted inthe end walls and projecting"therefrom, flanges projecting outwardlyfrom the end Walls, a crankshaft mounted in the bearings and capsfitting over the flanges and provided with openings to receive theprojecting portions of the bearings,

and means common to the caps and the en-.

gine for securing said caps and engine together.

17. An internal combustion engine, including a plurality of cylinderunits adapted for interfitting relation to form an engine unit, eachcylinder unit being formed with a cas ing adapted to register Withsimilar casings on adjacent units, and means extending through alignedcasings to forma manifold and for ecuring the cylinder units together.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

' GEORGE HALL-BULLOCK.

